Medical waste disposal

1.什么是医疗垃圾

With the development of social economy, there are more and more kinds of medical waste, including used medical and protective equipment, such as medical masks, gloves, protective clothing, shoe covers and disposable medical equipment, as well as reagent bottles, drug packaging bags, expired drugs, biological tissue, etc.

2.目前国内的处理方法

Traditional treatment methods include disinfection, landfill, incineration and pyrolysis.

（1）消毒填埋法虽然首先对医疗垃圾采取了消毒处理的措施，但往往处理不够彻底，填埋后占用较多的地下空间，随着时间的推移这些医疗垃圾中的有害物质仍然可能泄露出来，因此消毒填埋法的垃圾处理方式仍然存在造成土壤和水源污染的风险。

（2）焚烧法是将医疗垃圾放置在焚烧炉中，在大量氧气存在的条件下进行燃烧，形成大量SO2、NOx、HCl 及多环芳香族化合物等，焚烧飞灰中含有较多重金属和二噁英，对于医疗垃圾焚烧后的烟气需要采取一定的烟气净化措施，以免对环境造成二次污染。

（3）热解法处理医疗垃圾，是在无氧气或氧气含量极低的条件下进行的，将有机医疗垃圾加热到一定的温度使其分解转变为可燃的小分子气体，但对于无机医疗垃圾等无法处理。

3.等离子气化技术处理医疗垃圾

Plasma gasification technology is a modern technology for the safe treatment of medical waste, and it is also an environmental protection technology for converting organic waste into useful products. Plasma gasification technology has high energy and can quickly decompose waste to produce small molecular intermediates. The combustible gas produced by it is completely burned in the secondary combustion chamber and finally discharged after tail gas purification. Plasma technology has the advantages of fast heat and mass transfer rate, less dioxin production, simple flue gas purification, small volume, small floor area and simple operation. It is widely used in European and American countries.